Povećanje udjela prirodnog plina u primarnoj potrošnji energije u RH u odnosu na udio ugljena

master's thesis

• Title: Povećanje udjela prirodnog plina u primarnoj potrošnji energije u RH u odnosu na udio ugljena : diplomski rad
• Title (english): Increase of natural gas share in Croatian primary energy consumption in comparison to coal : master’s thesis
• Author: Karlo Rasporić
• Mentor: Daria Karasalihović Sedlar (mentor)
• Committee member: Daria Karasalihović Sedlar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Igor Dekanić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Luka Perković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering; (Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering and energy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2016-11-04, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mining, Petroleum and Geology Engineering; Petroleum Mining

Abstract

Potrošnja primarne energije pokazatelj je energetskih potreba pojedine države. Kod određivanja strukture
primarne potrošnje u obzir se uzimaju različiti čimbenici koji se razlikuju ovisno o sektoru potrošnje. Kod
kućanstava ispitivanje se bazira na temelju broja stanovnika u određenoj regiji. Najznačajniji čimbenik za
potrošnju u kategoriji kućanstava je godišnje doba, temperaturni indeks, područje u kojem se kućanstvo nalazi
(kontinentalno, gorsko ili primorsko područje) i vrsta goriva koja se koristi. U potrošnji fosilnih goriva za
energetske potrebe prednjače ugljen i plin. Kod odabira energenta važna je njegova dostupnost, cijena i uloga
u energetskoj politici obzirom na klimatske promjene. Zemlje poput Njemačke koje imaju velike količine
ugljena i dalje će iskorištavati ugljen za proizvodnju energije uz korištenje naprednih tehnologija za smanjenje
štetnosti emisija stakleničkih plinova. Države koje nemaju vlastitu proizvodnju ili imaju nedovoljno
energenata kako bi pokrile svoje potrebe za primarnom energijom ovise o uvozu. Zbog dostupnosti plina i
jednostavnosti transporta, tržište prirodnog plina zbog toga raste. Isto tako tržište ugljena se smanjuje zbog sve
manjeg broja izvoznika ugljena u svijetu. Uzrok tome leži u činjenici da se ugljen iskorištava lokalno i da samo
pojedine države poput Kine, Njemačke i Poljske imaju dostatne količine vlastitih zaliha za izvoz. Fosilna
goriva, naročito ugljen, danas su ključni čimbenik emisija koje nastaju izgaranjem pojedinog goriva. Kod
odabira energenta sve države imaju moralnu odgovornost, a isto tako većina ima i zakonsku odgovornost
smanjenja emisija, što utječe na njihovu odluku vezano uz europski odabir. Iz navedenog proizlazi da su
ekonomski i ekološki opravdani projekti oni koji uključuju niže emisije stakleničkih plinova. Takvi projekti
uključuju i razvoj transportne infrastrukture poput plinovoda ili terminala za UPP koji su preduvjet za
povećanje ukupnog udjela plina u strukturi primarne potrošnje.

Abstract (english)

Abstract: Primary energy consumption is an indicator of a country’s energy needs. To determine such consumption,
a variety of different parameters has to be taken into account. These usually differ as a function of the
area of energy consumption. For households, the number of residents in a certain area has to be known.
The other important parameters are the seasonality, the temperature index, the prevailing climatic
conditions and the type of fuel being used. The type of fuel used by the households depends heavily upon
the consumers' choices, which are, in turn influenced by the energent price, the fuel consumption costs,
and finally, the availability of the fuel itself. Fossil fuels that are most commonly used in energy
production today are coal and natural gas. Nowadays, the choice of fossil fuels employed in energy
productions is limited by the price, availability and environmental policy. Countries like Germany that
have vast reserves of natural gas and coal are able to meet their energy needs from those resources. The
process takes advantage of the latest technologies that significantly reduce the CO2 emissions. Countries
that cannot meet their energy demands rely on imports. Gas is a widely available natural resource and it
is easy to transport over large distances. Therefore, in the last decades the gas market has been expanding
constantly. In contrast, the sufficient geological reserves of coal for export are only present in a limited
number of countries, such as Germany, Poland and China. As a result, the global coal market has
decreased significantly over the recent years. Finally, the emissions of hazardous gasses today tend to get
minimized, as defined by a variety of international contracts. The majority of industrialized countries
respect such limitations As a result, new energy projects are planned to have a smaller or no carbon
footprint if they are economically justified. Accordingly, the new infrastructure is being planned and
developed, as for instance pipelines and LNG terminals.

• Keywords: potrošnja; primarna energija; proizvodnja primarne energije; emisije; plin; ugljen
• Keywords (english): primary consumption; primary energy; primary production; emissions; natural gas; coal
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:169:077907
• Study programme: Title: Petroleum engineering; specializations in: Petroleum engineering, Energy production and supply, Environmental protection in petroleum engineering; Course: Energy production and supply; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka naftnog rudarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka naftnog rudarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2016-11-08 13:51:59