Zahvati u prirodi i područja očuvanja ptica: preporuke za projektiranje eksploatacije mineralnih sirovina u Zadarskoj županiji

master's thesis

• Title: Zahvati u prirodi i područja očuvanja ptica: preporuke za projektiranje eksploatacije mineralnih sirovina u Zadarskoj županiji : diplomski rad
• Title (english): Interventions in nature and areas of bird conservation: recommendations for the design of extraction of mineral raw materials in Zadar County : master's thesis
• Author: Vanda Dokoza
• Mentor: Anamarija Grbeš (mentor)
• Mentor: Gordan Lukač (komentor); MBZ: 164704
• Committee member: Anamarija Grbeš (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Ivo Galić (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Branimir Farkaš (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Gordan Lukač (član povjerenstva); MBZ: 164704
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering; (Department of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2023-01-13, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mining, Petroleum and Geology Engineering; Mining

Abstract

Zaštita klime, bioraznolikosti i okoliša u cjelini, resursna učinkovitost te sigurnost opskrbe resursima neki su od najvažnijih izazova današnjice. Nova strategija za postizanje održivosti gospodarstva EU-a, „Zeleni plan“ predlaže okvirne mjere za pretvaranje klimatskih i ekoloških izazova u prilike u svim područjima politike i osiguravanjem pravedne i uključive tranzicije gospodarstva kojom će se unaprjeđivati učinkovito iskorištavanje resursa prelaskom na čisto kružno gospodarstvo, zaustavljati klimatske promjene, obnavljati biološka raznolikost i smanjivati onečišćenje. Sektor rudarstva i vađenja ima važnu ulogu u tranziciji i postizanju ciljeva održivosti budući da su rudarski zahvati ujedno i zahvati u prirodi. Metode eksploatacije mineralnih sirovina u Republici Hrvatskoj se temelje ili na strojnom iskopu ili na bušenju i miniranju, a izvode se najčešće površinski, i rjeđe - podzemno. Najvažniji utjecaji na bioraznolikost uzrokovani su zauzećem i transformacijom prostora te uznemiravanjem uslijed prometa, prisutnosti ljudi i strojeva te buke i vibracija. U ovom radu razmatra se kako bi se izazovi povezani sa rudarskim zahvatima mogli pretvoriti u prilike za očuvanje i obnovu bioraznolikosti u područjima površinske eksploatacije mineralnih sirovina kao što su tehničko-građevni kamen, karbonatne mineralne sirovine za proizvodnju cementa, arhitektonsko-građevni kamen te boksit u Zadarskoj županiji. Zadarska županija zbog povoljne geologije i velikih rezervi mineralnih sirovina ima dugu rudarsku tradiciju, brojna eksploatacijska polja, no također u njoj se nalaze područja međunarodne i nacionalne zaštite prirode kao što su nacionalni park Paklenica, parkovi prirode Velebit, Telašćica i Vransko jezero u sklopu kojeg se nalazi i ornitološki rezervat, te europska ekološka mreža Natura 2000. Rad se fokusira na zaštitu ugroženih vrsta ptica. Najznačajniji zaključci i preporuke dionicima u prostornom planiranju i projektiranju eksploatacije mineralnih sirovina su: balansirati veličine površina pod eksploatacijom i pod biološkom obnovom, planirati i zaštititi dugoročnu održivost opskrbe mineralnim resursima, provoditi biološki monitoring istražnog prostora, te uklapati rezultate monitoringa istražnog prostora u idejni rudarski projekt.

Abstract (english)

Protection of the climate, biodiversity and the environment as a whole, resource efficiency and security of resource supply are some of the most important challenges today. The new strategy for sustainability of the EU economy, European Green Deal, provides measures to turn climate and environmental challenges into opportunities in all policy areas to incur fair and inclusive transition to the resource efficient, clean and circular economy, to stop the climate change, restore biological diversity and reduce pollution. The mining and extraction sector has an important role in the transition and the achievement of sustainability goals. In the Republic of Croatia mining operations are based mainly on the surface extraction/open pit methods relying on mechanical excavation or drilling and blasting technology. The most important impacts on biodiversity from mining are caused by the occupation and transformation of space, the disturbance due to traffic, the presence of people and machines, noise and vibrations. This thesis considers how the challenges associated with mining operations could be turned into opportunities for the preservation and restoration of biodiversity in the areas of surface exploitation of mineral raw materials such as construction stone, carbonate mineral raw materials for the production of cement, dimension stone and bauxite in Zadar County. Due to its favorable geology and large reserves of mineral resources, the Zadar County has a long mining tradition, numerous exploitation fields, but it also has areas of international and national nature protection, such as the Paklenica National Park, the Velebit, Telašćica and Vrana Lake nature parks including ornithological reservation, and European ecological network Natura 2000. The thesis focuses on the protection of endangered bird species. The most significant conclusions and recommendations to stakeholders in spatial and mine planning and design are to balance the size of the surface under exploitation and under biological restoration, to plan and protect the long-term sustainability of the supply of mineral resources, to include biodiversity monitoring of the exploration area, and to incorporate the results of the bio-monitoring into the mining project.

• Keywords: zaštita bioraznolikosti; ptice; zaštićena područja; tranzicija rudarstva; Zadarska županija
• Keywords (english): biodiversity protection; birds; protected areas; mining transition; Zadar County
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:169:487489
• Study programme: Title: Mining Engineering; specializations in: Mining engineering, Geotechnical engineering, Waste treatment and disposal; Course: Waste treatment and disposal; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka rudarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka rudarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-04-03 15:15:45