Natural building stone in the construction and renovation of the Zagreb Cathedral

Scientific paper - Review paper

• Title (croatian): Prirodni kamen korišten prilikom gradnje i obnove zagrebačke katedrale
• Author: Ana Maričić
• Author: Zlatko Briševac
• Author: Petar Hrženjak
• Author: Helena Jezidžić
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering; (Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Mineral Resources)
• Author's institution: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering; (Department of Mining and Geotechnical Engineering)
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mining, Petroleum and Geology Engineering
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Geology

Abstract (english)

Natural stone has been used since the dawn of civilization as a construction material for buildings that are historical and cultural buildings and monuments. The Zagreb Cathedral is an example of such a historical and cultural building and data regarding the extraction of stone for its construction and reconstruction is scientifically underestimated. Based on a review of previously published literature and an investigation on the current state of the sites where stone for construction was previously quarried, this paper presents a systematic overview of challenges regarding stone material that will be faced in the restoration of the Cathedral after the 2020 earthquakes. The autochthonous stone varieties used for the Cathedral, namely lithothamnium limestone, litavac, calcareous sandstone, and vinicite were determined. The description of the locations where they were quarried was emphasized, and the suitability of these sites for re-quarrying the stone blocks during reconstruction after the 2020 earthquake was investigated. In addition, the Cathedral was renovated in the meantime with travertine imported from Italy, which, although it is not of domestic origin, represents an integral part of the Cathedral and whose characteristics must be taken into account in the planning of the current reconstruction of the Cathedral. To preserve the cultural memory of quarrying in the Zagreb area, emphasis is given to the importance of preserving and showing old visual representations of the quarries.

Abstract (croatian)

Prirodni kamen kao građevinski materijal koristi se od početka civilizacije prilikom gradnje građevina koje danas zovemo povijesno-kulturnim građevinama i spomenicima. Zagrebačka katedrala primjer je jedne takve građevine, ali podatci o vađenju kamena za njezinu izgradnju rijetko su objavljivani u znanstvenim časopisima. Na temelju pregleda dosad objavljene literature te provedenoga istraživanja trenutačnoga stanja lokacija na kojima se prije vadio kamen za gradnju katedrale, ovaj rad predstavlja sustavan pregled izazova u vezi s kamenim materijalima o kojima treba voditi računa prilikom obnove katedrale nakon potresa 2020. godine. Utvrđeno je koji su autohtoni varijeteti kamena korišteni prilikom gradnje katedrale: litotamnijski vapnenac, litavac, vapnenački pješčenjak i vinicit. Naglasak je bio na opisu lokacija na kojima su navedeni varijeteti eksploatirani te je istražena prikladnost tih mjesta za ponovno vađenje kamenih blokova tijekom obnove nakon potresa u 2020. godini. Osim toga, katedrala je obnovljena uvezenim travertinom iz Italije, koji je sastavni dio građevine iako nije domaćega podrijetla, pa se njegove karakteristike moraju uzeti u obzir pri planiranju sadašnje obnove katedrale. Posebno je istaknuta potreba pronalaženja starih vizualnih prikaza kamenoloma na području Zagreba kako bi se očuvala kultura sjećanja na ovu ljudsku djelatnost.

• Keywords (english): quarries; lithothamnium limestone; litavac; calcareous sandstone; vinicite; travertine
• Keywords (croatian): kamenolomi; litotamnijski vapnenac; litavac; vapnenački pješčenjak; vinicit; travertin
• Language: english
• Publication type: Scientific paper - Review paper
• Publication status: Published
• Peer review: Peer review - international
• Publication version: Published version
• Journal title: Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik
• Numbering: vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 29-42
• p-ISSN: 0353-4529
• e-ISSN: 1849-0409
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2023.3.3
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:169:879681
• Publication: 2023
• Document URL: https://hrcak.srce.hr/307282
• Type of resource: Text
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2023-09-01 13:51:42