Title Teški elementi u tlima i vinima Hrvatskog Zagorja : diplomski rad Title (english) Heavy metals in ground and wine of Croatian Zagorje : master's thesis Author Emil Škudar Mentor Sibila Borojević Šoštarić (mentor)Committee member Sibila Borojević Šoštarić Committee member Marta Mileusnić Committee member Stanko Ružičić Granter University of Zagreb Defense date and country 2015-09-17, Croatia Scientific / art field, TECHNICAL SCIENCES Abstract Na površini od oko 100 km2, u Hrvatskom Zagorju, uzorkovano je tlo i bijelo vino iz deset vinograda. Radi se o ilovastom tlu koje razvijenom na litološki različitim naslagama (gline, lapori, pijesci, šljunci, na nekim mjestima vapnenci i ugljen). Izmjereni su pH i električna vodljivost (EC) tih tala. pH iznosi od 6,5 do 8,1, dok EC iznosi od 41 do 156 μS/cm. Utvrđena je korelacija između pH i EC. Također je određen postotak vlage u tlima, koji iznosi od 2,2 do 4,1%. U uzorcima vina i tla određen je sadržaj bakra, cinka, olova i kadmija pomoću atomske apsorpcijske spektrofotometrije- plamena tehnika (FAAS). Za analizu tih elemenata u tlu korištena je sekvencijska ekstrakcijska analiza (BCR) i totalna analiza. BCR je korišten da bi se odredila koncentracija elemenata u pojedinim frakcijama, a totalnom analizom je utvrđena ukupna koncentracija elemenata u tlu. Dobiveni podaci o koncentracijama bakra, cinka, olova i kadmija u vinu i tlu uspoređeni su s važećim pravilnicima o maksimalnim dopuštenim koncentracijama (MDK) u vinu i tlu. Utvrđena je povišena koncentracija Cu i Pb u po jednom uzorku vina, dok je koncentracija Cd povišena u iznad MDK u većini uzoraka. Vrijednosti Zn ne prelaze MDK za vino. Tri uzorka tala bilježe nešto povišene vrijednosti Cu i prema Pravilniku se smatraju ne onečišćenim. Koncentracija Zn, Pb i Cd u tlu ne prelaze MDK za ilovasta tla. Olovo je pronađeno u samo četiri uzorka tla, a istovremeno je prisutno u svim analiziranim vinima. Postojanje olova u samo četiri uzorka nije povezano s litologijom. Kadmij nije određen niti u jednom uzorku tla, ali je prisutan u svim uzorcima vina (osam od deset uzoraka vina imaju koncentracije Cd iznad MDK). Stoga je zaključeno da su izmjerene koncentracije Pb i Cd u vinu posljedica atmosferske depozicije na vinovu lozu i/ili posljedica unosa prilikom procesa proizvodnje i skladištenja vina. Također postoji mogućnost da je onečišćenje vina kadmijem uzrokovano korištenjem fosfatnih gnojiva. Određena je korelacija nekih uzoraka između pH tla i koncentracije Cu i Zn u izmjenjivoj frakciji tla. U nekim uzorcima postoji korelacija između pH tla i koncentracija Cu i Zn u vinu. Također je u nekoliko uzoraka je vidljiva korelacija između pH vina i Cd u vinu. Utvrđena je i korelacija između Cu u tlu i Cu u vinu kod nekoliko uzoraka. Sve te korelacije potrebno je potvrditi ili opovrgnuti opsežnim istraživanjem s ispitivanjem brojnih geoloških, geografskih, meteoroloških i agronomskih faktora.
Abstract (english) Abstract: On area that is around 100 km2, in Croatian Zagorje, sampels of graund and white wine has been taken from ten vineyards. It is loam gravel on lithological different deposits (clay, marl, sand, gravel, on some places limestones and coal). Electric conductivity (EC) and pH has been measured in this sampels of ground. EC is from 41 to 156 μS/cm and pH is from 6,5 to 8,1. Correlation is established betwin pH and EC. Also percentage of moist is certain, it is from 2,2 to 4,1% . Concentration level of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium is established with atomic absorption spectrometry- flame tehnic (FAAS). For analysis of this elements in ground, was used BCR and for analysis of total content of this elements, total analysis was used. BCR was used to establish concentratoin levels in different fraction of ground sampels. Obtained data was compared with maksimum allowed concentrations by law. It is established that Cu and Pb concentrations are higher than maksimum allowed concentrations by law, in one sampel of vine each, while concentration levels of Cd are higher than maksimum allowed concentrations by law in most wine sampels. Concentration levels of Zn are not higher than maksimum allowed concentrations by law in any sampel of wine. Three sampels of ground have slightly elevated concentration levels of Cu comparing to maksimum allowed concentrations by law. This sampels are considered to be not polluted. Concentration levels of Zn, Pb and Cd are not higher than maksimum allowed concentrations by law in any sampel of ground. Lead is established in just four sampels of ground but it is found in every sampel of wine. This four sampels of ground that contains Pb are not lithologicly connected. Cadmium is not found in any sampel of ground but it is found in every sampel of wine (eight of ten sampels of wine have Cd concentration levels higher than maksimum allowed concentrations by law). Because of that it is concluded that Pb and Cd originates from atmospheric pollution or from some proces of vine making. It is also possible that Cd originate from phosphate fertilizers. Correlation betwin pH and Cu and Zn in absorption/desorption fraction of ground have been established in some ground sampels. In some sampels might be correlation betwin pH of ground and concentration levels of Cu and Zn in vines. Several sampels of wine have correlation betwin concentration levels of Cd in vine and pH of vine. Correlation betwin Cu concentration levels in ground and Cu concentration levels in wine is established in several sampels. To say with hundred percent security that all of those correlations are real or not real, a lot of researches needs to be spended.
Keywords
tlo
vino
bakar
cink
olovo
kadmij
pH
električna vodljivost
BCR
totalna analiza
korelacija
maksimalno dopuštena koncentracija (MDK)
Keywords (english)
ground
wine
copper
zinc
lead
cadmium
pH
electric conductivity
BCR
total analysis
correlation
maksimum allowed concentrations
Language croatian URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:169:800969 Study programme Title: Geological Engineering Type of resource Text File origin Born digital Access conditions Open access Terms of use Created on 2015-12-02 19:54:51
