Feasibility study of a carbon capture and utilization (CCU) project on the example of the Croatian LNG terminal

master's thesis

• Title: Feasibility study of a carbon capture and utilization (CCU) project on the example of the Croatian LNG terminal : master's thesis
• Title (english): Studija izvodljivosti projekta hvatanja i korištenja ugljika (HKU) na primjeru hrvatskog LNG terminala : diplomski rad
• Author: Marko Kolovrat
• Mentor: Daria Karasalihović Sedlar (mentor)
• Committee member: Daria Karasalihović Sedlar (predsjednik povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Domagoj Vulin (član povjerenstva)
• Committee member: Luka Perković (član povjerenstva)
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering; (Department of Petroleum and Gas Engineering and energy); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2024-09-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: TECHNICAL SCIENCES; Mining, Petroleum and Geology Engineering; Petroleum Mining

Abstract

Carbon capture projects are becoming more common around the world. After capture, carbon dioxide can be stored (CCS), utilized (CCU), or both (CCUS). Projects based on carbon capture from flue gases have, so far, largely focused on CCS to hedge the future cost of CO2 allowances, e.g. in the EU ETS, for the emitter. Some have focused on EOR as a CCUS technology. However, almost none have focused on pure utilization (CCU) of carbon dioxide as a product, even though carbon dioxide is a very important gas for industry and the economy, with numerous applications. Recent turbulences in the supply of CO2 and the significant rise of CO2 prices, coupled with the development of innovative products using CO2 as a feedstock, might provide more opportunity to focus on utilization of the CO2 in carbon capture projects. This master’s thesis presents an example of a feasibility study of a CCU project along with a comprehensive overview of technologies for carbon capture and of many possible uses of carbon dioxide. The feasibility study is provided mainly as a techno-economic analysis with consideration of some legislative aspects of the project. A practical description of functioning of the EU ETS is provided in the introduction. Cases are based on the Croatian LNG terminal as the emitter of carbon dioxide which could potentially install a carbon capture system. Real-world information about functioning of the LNG terminal was provided by LNG Croatia LLC, including flue gas compositions and properties. Carbon dioxide emissions at the LNG terminal result from Wärtsilä generating sets that the plant uses to produce its own electrical energy necessary for the functioning of the terminal. The techno-economic analysis is provided in two separate chapters. The technological analysis is provided through simulation and modelling of an amine carbon capture plant in Aspen HYSYS, while the economic analysis is provided through a detailed explanation of foundational assumptions for the analysis and, then, through calculations of CAPEX, OPEX, NPV, and specific production costs of CO2 for each case. Three cases are presented and analysed. Settings and results of modelling in HYSYS are provided in extensive detail, in part to also potentially serve any future researchers. Assumptions for the economic analysis are also based on real-world industry sources, which increases the accuracy of the results. Finally, possible future research directions are presented as well.

Abstract (croatian)

Projekti hvatanja ugljika postaju sve češći u svijetu. Nakon hvatanja, ugljikov dioksid se može skladištiti (CCS), koristiti (CCU) ili oboje (CCUS). Projekti hvatanja ugljika iz dimnih plinova su se, dosad, uglavnom usredotočivali na CCS radi hedžiranja budućeg troška emisijskih dozvola, npr. u EU ETS-u, za emitera. Neki su se usredotočili na EOR kao CCUS tehnologiju. Međutim, gotovo nijedni se nisu usredotočili na čisto korištenje (CCU) ugljikovog dioksida kao proizvoda, iako je ugljikov dioksid vrlo važan plin za industriju i gospodarstvo, s mnogobrojnim primjenama. Nedavne turbulencije u dobavi CO2 i značajan rast cijena CO2, zajedno s razvojem inovativnih proizvoda koji koriste CO2 kao sirovinu, mogli bi pružiti više prilika za usredotočivanje na upotrebu CO2 u projektima hvatanja ugljika. Ovaj diplomski rad predstavlja primjer studije izvodljivosti CCU projekta zajedno s opsežnim pregledom tehnologija za hvatanje ugljika i mnogih mogućih upotreba ugljikovog dioksida. Studija izvodljivosti je dana primarno kao tehno-ekonomska analiza s razmatranjem nekih pravnih aspekata projekta. Praktičan opis funkcioniranja EU ETS-a je dan u uvodu. Slučajevi se temelje na hrvatskom LNG terminalu kao emiteru ugljikovog dioksida koji bi potencijalno mogao instalirati sustav za hvatanje ugljika. Stvarne informacije o funkcioniranju LNG terminala ustupljene su od strane LNG Hrvatske d.o.o., uključujući sastav i svojstva dimnog plina. Emisije ugljikovog dioksida na LNG terminalu dolaze iz Wärtsilinih motora koji služe za proizvodnju vlastite električne energije potrebne za funkcioniranje terminala. Tehno-ekonomska analiza dana je u dva zasebna poglavlja. Tehnološka analiza je dana kroz simulaciju i modeliranje aminskog postrojenja za hvatanje ugljika u programu Aspen HYSYS, dok je ekonomska analiza dana kroz detaljno objašnjenje temeljnih pretpostavki za analizu te, zatim, kroz izračune CAPEX-a, OPEX-a, NPV-a i specifičnih proizvodnih troškova CO2 za svaki slučaj. Tri slučaja su predstavljena i analizirana. Postavke i rezultati modeliranja u programu HYSYS dani su s opsežnim detaljima, djelomice zato da bi možda poslužili i nekim budućim istraživačima. Pretpostavke za ekonomsku analizu također se temelje na stvarnim izvorima iz industrije, što povećava točnost rezultata. Zaključno, predstavljeni su i mogući budući smjerovi istraživanja.

• Keywords: carbon capture and utilization; CCU; feasibility study; LNG terminal; techno-economic analysis; carbon dioxide uses; HYSYS; EU ETS
• Keywords (croatian): hvatanje i korištenje ugljika; CCU; studija izvodljivosti; LNG terminal; tehno-ekonomska analiza; upotrebe ugljikovog dioksida; HYSYS; EU ETS
• Language: english
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:169:066586
• Study programme: Title: Petroleum engineering; specializations in: Petroleum engineering, Energy production and supply, Environmental protection in petroleum engineering; Course: Energy production and supply; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka naftnog rudarstva (magistar/magistra inženjer/inženjerka naftnog rudarstva)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2024-12-17 12:33:21