Naslov Procjena rizika od onečišćenja podzemnih voda u kršu na području sliva izvora Jadra i Žrnovnice : doktorski rad Naslov (engleski) Risk assessment of contamination of groundwater in karst in the recharge area of the Jadro and Žrnovnica springs : doctoral thesis Autor Jelena Loborec Mentor Sanja Kapelj (mentor)Mentor Zoran Nakić (komentor)Član povjerenstva Andrea Bačani (predsjednik povjerenstva)Član povjerenstva Sanja Kapelj (član povjerenstva)Član povjerenstva Zoran Nakić (član povjerenstva)Član povjerenstva Jelena Parlov (član povjerenstva)Član povjerenstva Ranko Biondić (član povjerenstva)Ustanova koja je dodijelila Sveučilište u Zagrebu Datum i država obrane 2013-12-13, Hrvatska Znanstveno / umjetničko TEHNIČKE ZNANOSTI Univerzalna decimalna klasifikacijaUDC ) 55 - Geologija. Meteorologija. Hidrologija Sažetak U posljednje vrijeme sve se više ističe neprocjenjiva vrijednost zaliha podzemnih voda visoke
kakvoće koje se nalaze u krškim područjima Republike Hrvatske. Zajedno s tim dolazi i
spoznaja o iznimnoj ranjivosti krških vodonosnih sustava koji su zbog svojih karakterističnih
obilježja jako podložni negativnim antropogenim utjecajima. U ovom radu predložen je
pristup zaštite krškog vodonosnog sustava od istraživanja njegovih geoloških, hidrogeoloških
i hidroloških značajki do korištenja rezultata tih istraživanja u multiparametarskim metodama
procjene ranjivosti, opasnosti i rizika od onečišćenja podzemnih voda.
Područje istraživanja obuhvaćeno ovim radom je sliv izvora Jadra i Žrnovnice. Izvori Jadro i
Žrnovnica predstavljaju nezamjenjive izvore pitke vode za stanovništvo grada Splita i njegove
šire okolice, kao i osnovni uvjet socio-ekonomskog razvoja tog podruĉja. Na temelju do sada
provedenih istraživanja uočen je trend narušenja kakvoće izvorskih voda u uvjetima
naglašenog gospodarskog razvoja, kao i neodgovarajuće zaštite izvorišta pitke vode. Koncept
prirodne ranjivosti podzemnih voda temelji se na pretpostavci da fizikalna, kemijska i
biološka svojstva okoliša mogu, do nekog stupnja, pridonijeti zaštiti podzemnih voda od
antropogenih utjecaja. Analizom rizika od onečišćenja podzemnih voda izdvajaju se dijelovi
sliva koji su zbog svojih prirodnih značajki ranjiviji na vanjske utjecaje i dijelovi sliva koji su
već ugroženi zbog postojećih izvora onečišćenja. Istraživanje rizika provodi se u tri faze:
izrada karte prirodne ranjivosti, zatim izrada karte opasnosti, te na kraju njihovo integriranje u
kartu rizika podzemnih voda od različitih vrsta izvora onečišćenja. U ovom radu prirodna
ranjivost procijenjena je pomoću četiri postojeće metode SINTACS, EPIK, PI i COP. Svaka
od tih metoda modificirana je i testirana na temelju karakterističnih pokazatelja područja i na
kraju je predložen najprihvatljiviji pristup procjene prirodne ranjivosti prilagođen dinarskom
kršu Republike Hrvatske. Izrađena je karta klasificiranih opasnosti u slivu Jadra i Žrnovnice,
te je na kraju predstavljena karta rizika od onečišćenja podzemnih voda u slivu Jadra i
Žrnovnice. Sve tri karte predlaže se koristiti za upravljanje i zaštitu zaliha podzemnih voda na
području sliva, pri određivanju prioritetnih sanacijskih zahvata, te pri odlukama o korištenju i
namjeni prostora.
Sažetak (engleski) It is well known that groundwater is the main source of potable water in the Republic of
Croatia. Approximately half of the country’s territory is covered by karstified carbonate
rocks, the so-called Dinaric type of karst, which are famous by the priceless supplies high
quality groundwater. This is why the utmost caution must be paid explicitly to groundwater
protection in karst aquifers. Karstified carbonate rocks are typically covered by a thin,
irregularly distributed soil layer, and are intersected by a multitude of interconnected fractures
facilitating the rapid infiltration of surface water. Groundwater flows through the conduits and
fissures with high velocity and with a relatively short retention time, allowing the quick and
far-reaching spread of potential contamination from the surface. This is why karst aquifer
systems are thought to be extremely vulnerable and easily threatened by each and every
human activity. This doctoral thesis proposes approach to the protection of the karst aquifer
system from exploration of its geological, hydrogeological and hydrological features to the
use of these studies results in the methods of vulnerability, hazard and risk of groundwater
contamination assessment.
Study area encompasses the catchment area of the Jadro and Žrnovnica springs of
approximately 560 km2 located in the wider hinterland of the city of Split. It is part of the
Cetina river basin. The springs are located in the foothills of the Mosor and Kozjak Mts. in the
contact zone between permeable carbonate sedimentary rocks and the coastal flysch belt.
Jadro is situated at an altitude of 35 m a.s.l., while Žrnovnica lies at the altitude of 90 m a.s.l.
According to the available hydrological data, the minimum discharge of the Jadro spring
ranges between 3.60 m3/s (August 1995) and 3.90 m3/s (September 1997, August and
September 2003). Žrnovnica joins several smaller springs upwelling in the broader area. The
minimum measured discharge of this spring area is up to 250 l/s (September 1993) while the
maximum discharge is up to 19.1 m3/s (December 2004). The Jadro spring is used for the
water supply of Split, surrounding settlements and the towns of Solin, Kaštela and Trogir.
Žrnovnica is used for the water supply of the village of Žrnovnica and irrigation of
agricultural areas. The catchment area is predominantly composed of carbonate rocks,
limestone and dolomite, and flysch sediments, while other rocks occur more rarely. Three
quarters of the catchment area are composed of permeable carbonate rocks and because of
that it is even more difficult to protect groundwater resources. Jadro and Žrnovnica springs are irreplaceable sources of drinking water for the population of
the city of Split and its surroundings as well as the basic requirement of socio-economic
development of the area. Data from an earlier conducted researches shows an increasing trend
in the quantity of a number of contaminants in the spring water due to economic expansion in
the catchment area and lack of appropriate protection of drinking water sources. The concept
of groundwater intrinsic vulnerability is based on the premise that the physical, chemical and
biological properties of the environment provide a certain degree of protection to the
groundwater from human influence. Risk assessment of groundwater contamination identifies
parts of the catchment area that are, because of its natural features, more vulnerable to
external influences then those parts of the basin that are already at risk because of existing
contamination sources. Risk assessment is carried out in three phases: assessment of intrinsic
vulnerability, hazard mapping and integrateing these two maps into the groundwater risk map.
In this paper, intrinsic vulnerability was assessed by four methods: SINTACS, EPIK, PI i
COP. Each of these methods were modified and tested based on the characteristic parameters
of the study area. Results of the applied methods (corresponding vulnerability maps) were
compared and finally it is proposed the most suitable approach for evaluation intrinsic
vulnerability adjusted to Croatian Dinaric karst. Furthermore, a map of classified hazards in
the catchment of Jadro and Ţrnovnica springs was created. The final result of this analysis is
the risk of groundwater contamination map in the catchment area of Jadro and Žrnovnica
springs. All three maps are utilized primarily for groundwater management and protection in
the particular area and as an irreplaceable background for decision making in management
and land use.
Ključne riječi
Jadro i Žrnovnica
izvori pitke vode u kršu
prirodna ranjivost
izvor opasnosti (hazard)
rizik od onečišćenja
zaštita podzemnih voda
Ključne riječi (engleski)
Jadro and Žrnovnica
karst springs of potable water
intrinsic vulnerability
contamination source (hazard)
contamination risk
groundwater protection
Jezik hrvatski URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:169:812029 Datum promocije 2014-07-06 Studijski program Naziv: Primijenjene geoznanosti, rudarsko i naftno inženjerstvo URL zapisa u katalogu http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&CON_LNG=ZAG&local_base=ZAG01_WEB&doc_number=000572989 Vrsta resursa Tekst Opseg VI, 191 str. ; 30 cm Način izrade datoteke Izvorno digitalna Prava pristupa Otvoreni pristup Uvjeti korištenja Datum i vrijeme pohrane 2017-12-08 14:32:26
