Rekonstrukcija nastajanja najstarijeg crvenog paleolita smještenog na dnu les-paleotlo sekvence na otoku Susku

master's thesis

• Title: Rekonstrukcija nastajanja najstarijeg crvenog paleolita smještenog na dnu les-paleotlo sekvence na otoku Susku : diplomski rad
• Title (english): Reconstruction of evolution of the oldest red paleosol situated on the bottom of the loess-paleosol sequence on the Susak island : master's thesis
• Author: Mateja Sedak
• Mentor: Goran Durn (mentor)
• Committee member: Goran Durn
• Committee member: Marta Mileusnić
• Committee member: Stanko Ružičić
• Granter: University of Zagreb; Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering; (Department of Mineralogy, Petrology and Mineral Resources); Zagreb
• Defense date and country: 2015-09-30, Croatia
• Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline: NATURAL SCIENCES; Geology; Mineralogy and Petrology

Abstract

Cilj ovog rada je detaljno istraživanje crvenog paleotla na vapnenačkoj podlozi u neposrednoj podlozi lesa te fosilne Terra Rosse, litificiranog paleotla koje se nalazi u pukotinama gornjokrednog vapnenca ili kao matriks vapnenačke breče. Rad se fokusira na stratigrafski najstariji dio les-paleotlo sekvencije na otoku Susku te je obrađeno 9 uzoraka. Sedam uzoraka izuzeto je na profilu BOK 1/14, jedan uzorak u neposrednoj blizini tog profila te jedan uzorak u uvali Tijesni. Uzeti su uzorci lesa (zajedno s karbonatnim konkrecijama unutar samog lesa) i paleotala (crvena paleotla i fosilne Terra Rosse). Terenskim istraživanjima detaljno je opisan profil, mjereni su i izdvajani horizonati crvenog paleotla i izuzeti su uzorci na cijelom profilu. Labaratorijskim istraživanjima napravljena je detaljna kemijska analiza, analiza spojeva željeza i mangana topivih u oksalatu i ditionitu, fizikalno-kemijska analiza tla, analiza mineralnog sastava primjenom rendgenske difrakcijske analize te infracrveno stimulirana luminiscencija (IRSL). Temeljem provedenih terenskih i laboratorijskih istraživanja napravljena je rekonstrukcija pedogenetskih procesa koji su uvjetovali nastanak ovih paleotala. Četiri bitna zaključka su proizašla iz ovog rada.
(1) Mineralni sastav glinovite frakcije lesa, crvenog paleotla i fosilnih Terra Rossa je različit i odražava uvjete u kojima su ti sedimenti/paleotla nastajali.
(2) Dokazano je da se radi o crvenom paleotlu tipa Luvisola (prema WRB, 2006) s razvijenim horizontima Eb, EbBtb i Btb.
(3) Fosilne Terra Rosse su nastale u bitno različitim uvjetima. Uzorak 4826 je bogatiji kaolinitom te se zaključuje da je ova Terra Rossa nastala u toplijim, humidnijim uvijetima. Uzorak 4861 je bogat aluminijskim oksidima i hidroksidima, iz čega proizlazi da je ova Terra Rossa, tipa Ferralsol (prema WRB, 2006), nastala u (sub)tropskoj klimi.
(4) Istraživanjima u sklopu ovog rada određena je starost stratigrafski najstarijeg postojećeg lesa na otoku Susku od 115,9 ± 12,8 tisuća godina. Starost crvenog paleotla, tipa Luvisola, iznosi 108,7 ± 8,4 tisuća godina te je to zapravo minimalna starost zbog bioturbacija i pedogenetskih procesa koji su se odvijali u tlu.

Abstract (english)

Abstract: The subject of this Thesis is a detailed research of red paleosol, on limestone ground immediatly beneath loess, and fossile Terra Rossa - litificated paleosols contained in cracks of upper Cretaceous limestone or as a matrix of limestone breccia. This Thesis is focused on the stratigraphically older most part of the loess-paleosol sequnce on the Island of Susak, where 9 samples were processed. Seven samples were taken from the profile BOK 1/14, one sample was taken immediatly near these profile and one sample in bay of Tijesni. Samples of loess (with carbonate concretians inside loess) and paleosols (red paleosol and fossil Terra Rossas) were taken. Detailed description od the profile was made through field exploration, horizonts of red paleosol were measured, separated and then the whole profile was sampled. Laboratory work consisted of detailed chemical analysis, analysis of iron and manganese oxides as well as hidroxides soluble in oxalate and dithionite, physical and chemical analysis of paleosols, analysis of mineral composition using X-ray diffraction analysis and infrared stimulated luminescence to determine the age. Using the results of field and laboratory analyses the reconstruction of pedogenetic processes that caused the occurence of this paleosols was made. Four important conclusions came from this Thesis.
(1) Mineral composition of loess, red paleosol and fosil Terra Rossa is different and points to diferent paleoenvironments of their formation.
(2) It is proven that the red paleosol is a Luvisol (from WRB, 2006) with developed Eb, EbBtb and Btb hrizonts.
(3) Fossil Terra Rossas were created under different conditions. Sample 4826 is richer with kaolinite and it is concluded that this Terra Rossa is created in warm, humid conditions. Sample 4861 is rich with aluminium oxides and hidroxides that points to the fact that this Terra Rossa, type Ferralsol (from WRB, 2006), is created in (sub)tropic climate.
(4) It is determinated that the age of the stratigrphically oldest loess on the Island of Susak is 115.9 ± 12.8 ka. The age od red paleosol, Luvisol type, is 108.7 ± 8.4 ka which is actually the minimum age because of bioturbation and pedogenetic processes inside the paleosol.

• Keywords: otok Susak; crveno paleotlo; fosilna Terra Rossa; les; kemijska analiza; fizikalno-kemijska analiza paleotala; rendgenska difrakcijska analiza; infracrveno stimulirana luminiscencija; kvantifikacija pedogenetskih procesa
• Keywords (english): Island of Susak; red paleosols; fossil Terra Rossa; loess; chemical analysis; physical and chemical analysis of paleosols; X-ray diffraction analysis; infrared stimulated luminescence; quantification of pedogenetic processes
• Language: croatian
• URN:NBN: urn:nbn:hr:169:010735
• Study programme: Title: Geology; Study programme type: university; Study level: graduate; Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra geologije (magistar/magistra geologije)
• Type of resource: Text
• File origin: Born digital
• Access conditions: Open access
• Created on: 2015-12-17 09:10:09